Monitoring greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) is essential for understanding environmental changes. The MONCO₂ project, conducted at the Institute of Physics – Centre for Science and Education at the Silesian University of Technology, focuses on studying CO₂ levels and their isotopic composition in the atmosphere around Gliwice, Poland. The research involves continuous measurements using a CO₂ sensor installed on the institute’s roof and regular sampling of air and pine needles. Air samples are collected biweekly, while pine needle samples are gathered seasonally. These samples are analyzed in the lab for radiocarbon (¹⁴C) content, which helps determine the share of CO₂ originating from fossil fuel combustion—identified by a reduction in natural ¹⁴C levels, known as the Suess effect.

The project also utilizes Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS), a precise technique that measures CO₂, methane (CH₄), water vapor, and carbon isotope ratios in real time. This allows the team to monitor daily and seasonal changes in greenhouse gases.

The findings from MONCO₂ contribute to a better understanding of the urban carbon cycle and how human activities influence greenhouse gas emissions. By comparing emissions across different city zones, the project supports efforts to plan more sustainable and environmentally friendly urban spaces.