This study assesses glacier rheology and surface mass balance (SMB) of the Gangotri Glacier using remote sensing-based distributed modeling. Ice surface velocity was derived using Sentinel-2 imagery and Cartosat-1 DEM via the Glacier Image Velocimetry (GIV) tool. Results indicate a glacier slowdown of –0.20 m yr⁻¹ and a significant surface ice thinning rate of –1.05 m i.e. yr⁻¹, with lateral ice flux divergence at 0.10 m i.e. yr⁻¹. The computed SMB is –1.03 m i.e. yr⁻¹, indicating substantial mass loss. Strain rate analysis revealed spatially variable longitudinal and shear deformation. These findings enhance understanding of glacier dynamics in the Himalaya and have implications for water resource planning and downstream hazard risk under future climate scenarios.