Groundwater-surface water interactions are key to water cycle, ecosystems, and climate regulation. However, public data on these interactions remain scarce. To help address this gap, we created the Groundwater Well Database for Brazil (GWDBrazil), a dataset compiled from Geological Survey of Brazil projects. It includes information on over 351,000 wells dating back to the early 1900s, along with 472 monitoring wells that record daily water levels from 2010 to 2024. In addition to well data, the database includes information on climate, topography, land use, hydrogeology, and surface water to support integrated water resource management. Our preliminary analysis shows that about half of the wells have water levels shallower than 12 meters, and nearly half are located within 2 kilometers of a stream, suggesting the potential of the database for assessing surface–groundwater interactions. We believe this dataset is a valuable tool for researchers, water managers, and policymakers as it can provide essential information to support comprehensive water management strategies in Brazil.