Climate change and increasing wildfire frequency are reshaping Arctic plant communities by warming the soil and releasing nutrients. These changes can shift the landscape from low-lying tundra plants to taller, faster-growing shrubs. To better understand how fire and nutrient availability drive these shifts, we conducted a 10-year study in Arctic Alaska. We added nitrogen and phosphorus to small plots in both burned and unburned tundra to remove nutrient limitations. We found that both nitrogen and phosphorus were needed together to trigger major changes. In fertilized plots, plant leaf cover increased and the communities became more open to new species. Over time, the plant makeup shifted toward shrubs and fast growing forbs in both burned and unburned areas. This suggests that fire and nutrient boosts together reduce ecosystem resistance and lead to long-term shifts in vegetation. These results show that Arctic plant communities are strongly influenced by interactions between fire and nutrient cycles. Such changes could have important implications for Arctic ecosystems, especially as climate change continues to increase both wildfire activity and nutrient availability.