Groundwater sustains a wide range of ecosystems, yet the volume, timing and duration of vegetation groundwater dependence is poorly understood and difficult to determine across catchment and river basin scales, highlighting a critical emerging frontier for global ecohydrology research. Using on-ground water balance collection of data and remote sensing, we could validate the outputs of a new model that estimates monthly groundwater discharge for trees across the rain-snow gradient in Idaho, over the last 30+ years. Our study provides an advanced understanding of the drivers of key ecohydrological processes that are likely to be impacted through climate change, with the methods scalable using remote sensing to catchment and river basins worldwide.

yet the ecohydrological requirements of groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) remain poorly understood, highlighting a critical emerging frontier for global ecohydrology research. On-ground data, combined with remote sensing, enabled validation of a novel catchment scale model to calculate volumes and highlight trends in monthly riparian vegetation groundwater consumption over the past 30+ years. Our study provides an advanced understanding of the drivers of key ecohydrological processes that are likely to be impacted through climate change.