This study looks at how energy-saving programs affect families, especially those with lower incomes, in one Florida county over ten years. These programs help people use less electricity by offering things like rebates or loans to buy more efficient appliances. Using less energy can lower bills and make homes more comfortable. But many low-income families still struggle with high energy costs. Some even avoid using heating or air conditioning to save money, which can be risky for their health.

Researchers studied about 125,000 households to see how outdoor temperatures influence when people turn on their heating or cooling systems. They wanted to know if families with less money wait longer to use these systems, even when it’s very hot or cold. They compared families who joined energy-saving programs and purchased energy-saving appliances with those who didn’t to see if their habits changed.

The results help us understand how these programs work and who benefits most. This can guide improvements to over 900 similar programs across the U.S. The goal is to make sure everyone, especially those with fewer resources, can live in safe, comfortable homes without worrying about high energy bills.