At night, a faint glow called nighttime airglow, invisible to the naked eye, spreads across the sky. This light is produced when atmospheric atoms and molecules, energized by solar ultraviolet radiation, emit photons. Nighttime airglow is a phenomenon observed in the mesopause region, specifically at altitudes of 80-100 km (mesopause region), and within the thermosphere, at altitudes ranging from 200-400 km. In this study, we used nighttime airglow data observed at three sites in Japan from 2004 to 2023 to investigate how geomagnetic storms (caused by phenomena like solar storms) affect this light. Our findings revealed that one to two days after a geomagnetic storm, the intensity of specific airglow emissions increased at particular altitudes (around 90-100 km and in the thermosphere). We believe this phenomenon is related to a temporal increase in the mixing ratio of atmospheric oxygen in the mesopause region and changes in electron density in the thermosphere. These observed variations could provide important clues for understanding the state of the middle and upper atmosphere.