- SA21B-2357: Starlink Satellite Re-entries in the Context of Increasing Solar Activity During Solar Cycle 25
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Board 2357‚ Hall EFG (Poster Hall)NOLA CC
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Denny Oliveira, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (First Author, Presenting Author)
Eftyhia Zesta, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Katherine Garcia-Sage, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
The number of satellites in low-Earth orbit (LEO) has grown rapidly in recent years, raising concerns about space collisions and falling debris. Satellites in LEO travel through the upper atmosphere, where air resistance (or drag) gradually slows them down and causes them to re-enter Earth's atmosphere. This drag increases during geomagnetic storms, when solar activity heats and expands the upper atmosphere. In this study, we tracked 523 re-entering Starlink satellites from 2020 to 2024, a period when solar activity has been rising due to the current solar cycle. We found that satellites fell back to Earth with respect to a specific altitude faster during periods of high geomagnetic activity, with noticeable increases in drag and quicker orbital decay. We also discovered that our ability to predict when these satellites would re-enter became less accurate during stormy space weather conditions. These results show that the Sun’s increasing activity is already affecting satellite behavior, which has major implications for managing space traffic and predicting satellite lifetimes in an increasingly crowded orbital environment.
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