The motion of Mercury around the Sun includes a small but measurable shift in its closest point of orbit, called perihelion precession. This effect is famously explained by Einstein’s General Relativity. However, we offer a different explanation based on a model in which gravity is not instantaneous but has a finite speed. In our approach, gravitational signals behave like particles (“gravitons”) that travel through space and can be Doppler-shifted when objects are moving.

Using this idea, we recover the same orbit equation and precession value predicted by Einstein, but without needing curved spacetime or relativistic postulates. Instead, we rely on Newtonian mechanics modified by finite signal speed and directional timing.

We also applied the same method to the classic Bertozzi experiment, where high-energy electrons were shown to approach a speed limit near the speed of light. Our model explains this behavior and derives the same formulas for relativistic mass and energy, again without invoking relativity directly.

This suggests that several key features of modern physics may be consequences of how information travels between objects, rather than changes in the geometry of space itself. Our model may offer a new way to unify classical, relativistic, and quantum ideas under one framework.