Thousands of old satellites and rocket parts are orbiting Earth as space debris. While this debris is often seen as dangerous, it also contains valuable materials that could be recycled and reused to build future spacecraft, especially as technology for manufacturing in space improves.

In this study, we brought together information from multiple space agencies and industry sources to estimate what materials these objects are made of and how much of each material is present. We also looked at how the makeup of space debris has changed over time, from the first launch in 1957 to today.

By mapping out the types and amounts of materials already in orbit, we can better understand which debris could be reused or repurposed instead of left as waste. This work helps lay the groundwork for turning space debris into a resource and creating a more sustainable future for space activities.