Predicting future sea level rise is one of the most important and difficult challenges in climate science. A major contributor to sea level rise is the melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. However, it is extremely time-consuming and expensive to run detailed simulations of how the ice sheet will respond to climate change. As a result, past efforts, like those used in the last major climate report, only used a small set of climate models to predict sea level rise.

In this study, we use a machine learning tool called ISEFlow to quickly estimate how Antarctica might contribute to sea level rise based on more than 50 different climate models. This gives us a much broader and more complete view of future possibilities than previous studies. Our results show how different climate scenarios and climate models can lead to different outcomes for sea level rise. This work helps identify how much our current understanding depends on a small number of models and provides new tools for improving future projections. Ultimately, it helps scientists, policymakers, and the public better understand the range of possible futures we face as the climate changes.