This year marks the release of FLUXNET’s largest and most comprehensive dataset yet—featuring more countries, longer records, and a wider range of ecosystems than ever before. By examining changes across both space and time, this data helps us detect shifts in how ecosystems function and offers a valuable reference for improving models.

In this work, we summarize key patterns in carbon and water exchange from the past 20 years. We explore how these patterns vary across landscapes, vegetation types, and regions, and how they respond to environmental changes like heatwaves or droughts. We also examine the seasonal timing of events like plant growth and water use to understand how ecosystems are shifting year to year. All results are primarily based on FLUXNET observations, offering a clear and up-to-date picture of how Earth’s ecosystems are changing.