This study uses high-resolution observations of Neptune taken with the ALMA telescope to better understand the planet's upper atmosphere. The researchers measured winds by analyzing how certain gases shift the spectrum of different molecules at wavelengths longer than visible light and infrared. After carefully correcting for Neptune’s rotation and how the planet appears from Earth they are able to reliably report wind speeds at different latitudes. They also looked at differences in the brightness and patterns at these long wavelengths in the atmosphere, which point to variations in temperature, composition, or cloud cover. By combining wind data with these brightness maps, they explored how horizontal winds interact with vertical structures in the atmosphere. The findings help reveal how Neptune's stratosphere behaves and highlight the complex circulation patterns in the planet’s upper layers.