Jupiter’s deep water content — or how much oxygen it holds — is key to understanding how the planet formed and grew. Scientists often track gases like carbon monoxide (CO), which act as markers for deep water, because CO levels depend on how much oxygen is present deep in the atmosphere. Traditionally, simple one-dimensional models have been used to study these gases, but they miss the complex movements in Jupiter’s atmosphere that affect how these gases spread. In this work, we use a full 3D simulation to study how CO is transported across different latitudes and how water-rich storms help churn it in the atmosphere. Because 3D models are very demanding to run, we also use 2D hydrodynamics to explore a wide range of conditions. These simpler simulations show that Jupiter’s CO levels can be explained if its oxygen is about 1.5 times the protosolar value, which is consistent with the measurements from the Juno mission taken near the equator.