We measured changes in root exudate chemistry, fungal and root metabolism, and soil properties using a variety of analytical measurements. We found that these fungi change the chemical makeup of molecules that plant roots release into soil and help retain water in soil during drought. Importantly, they shift carbon into more stable soil pools that may store it longer and benefit long-term soil function.

By linking what happens at the molecular level in plant roots and fungi to bigger-picture soil function, this research shows how microbial partnerships can be leveraged to improve ecosystem outcomes. Understanding these mechanisms will help us design high-performing, resilient plant-microbial biosystems to support crop productivity and soil quality.