This presentation will highlight how data curation at the System for Earth Sample Registration SESAR, EarthChem, and the Astromaterials Data System (Astromat) makes sample data FAIR and optimizes their use in scientific research that applies computational approaches. SESAR ensures that samples are persistently identified with IGSN (International Generic Sample Number) and linked to rich, machine-readable metadata about their provenance in the SESAR metadata catalog. EarthChem and Astromat operate repositories for compositional data of terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples, respectively, ensuring proper documentation of data and machine-readable links to the samples. EarthChem'sand Astromat's compilation databases aggregate analytical data from thousands of dispersed data sources into a single, common storage structure where the data can be readily searched, sorted, summarized, and otherwise manipulated. These ‘synthesis databases’ contain millions of individual data values and provide easy access to sample-based data, enabling new scientific discoveries and advancing the application of AI/ML and statistical approaches.