Imperial Beach, California, is a coastal city in San Diego County, California, facing growing threats from rising seas and flooding during storms. In this work we use hydrologic and economic models to quantify the potential impact of sea level rise and coastal storms. Even a modest increase in sea level could triple the number of homes and buildings at risk of flooding, putting pressure on residents and the city’s finances.

To prepare for these changes, the city is exploring a nature-based solution called an ecotone levee. This type of levee is designed not only to reduce flood risk but also to restore coastal habitat and maintain public access. Our study quantifies the extent to which this levee could reduce future flood damage and the economic benefits it could provide under different sea level rise scenarios.

We also explore how insurance can support long-term resilience. New insurance options could help transfer some of the city’s financial risk to private markets and protect low-income renters. By combining flood modeling, legal and policy analysis, and innovative climate finance, this work demonstrates how nature-based solutions and insurance can help coastal communities like Imperial Beach adapt to rising seas and protect both people and property.